Cyberbullying Research Center (CRC)

Study details from the Studies index, with sources and citations for each field.

Geo

Year

2024

5,005

Ages

13-17

Per-app coverage

Harms

Offline—

Files

Report Instrument

Notes · Non-probability; 2023 fieldwork; reported in 2024 booklet. Complete 2023 instrument not indexed.

References

Hinduja & Patchin (2024)— Identification, Prevention & Response (guidance booklet)
Hinduja, S. & Patchin, J. W. (2024). Cyberbullying: Identification, Prevention, and Response. Cyberbullying Research Center. Summarizes findings from CRC's 2023 nationally-representative survey of n=5,005 middle and high schoolers.
report
Retrieved from:
https://cyberbullying.org/Cyberbullying-Identification-Prevention-Response-2024.pdf
Publication page:
https://cyberbullying.org/2023-cyberbullying-data
Retrieved on:
2026-05-21
Pages:
9
Archived source:
Download PDF
File verification
File verification details
SHA-256: 55fd44ac8cdee3e299cc7427cd71fc127d87c7f9f704fa8de1d7cab4ca028cb3
Patchin & Hinduja (2024) — 2023 Data— 2023 Cyberbullying Data (research-center web page, archived as PDF)
Patchin, J. W. & Hinduja, S. (2024). 2023 Cyberbullying Data. Cyberbullying Research Center.
data
Retrieved from:
https://cyberbullying.org/2023-cyberbullying-data
Publication page:
https://cyberbullying.org/2023-cyberbullying-data
Retrieved on:
2026-05-21
Pages:
6
Archived source:
Download PDF
File verification
File verification details
SHA-256: f7b1fce4dd64c116cc44b2a7904c02668ddb28425a51f802c4dfef8bb5b7ebd9
Patchin & Hinduja — CRC Cyberbullying Scale— Cyberbullying Scale (CRC research instrument, web page archived as PDF)
Patchin, J. W. & Hinduja, S. Our Cyberbullying Scale. Cyberbullying Research Center. General nine-item victimization and nine-item offending scale.
instrument
Retrieved from:
https://cyberbullying.org/cyberbullying-research-instrument
Publication page:
https://cyberbullying.org/cyberbullying-research-instrument
Retrieved on:
2026-05-29
Pages:
16
Archived source:
Download PDF
File verification
File verification details
SHA-256: 5004c2a60892aa6bf350ef5b5fbd8a7c763bd0c6572ee1c9b5ae0d1d895c8cc4

Study details & methodology

Name	Hinduja & Patchin (2024) — Identification, Prevention & Response (guidance booklet)p. 1open file ↗ “Cyberbullying:” Title: 'Cyberbullying: Identification, Prevention, and Response, 2024 Edition'.
Country	Patchin & Hinduja (2024) — 2023 Data — 2023 Cyberbullying Data (research-center web page, archived as PDF)p. 1open file ↗ “This study surveyed a nationally-representative sample of 5,005 middle and high school students between the ages of 13 and 17 in the United States.”
Publication year	Hinduja & Patchin (2024) — Identification, Prevention & Response (guidance booklet)p. 1open file ↗ “2024 Edition” Booklet published 2024; underlying survey conducted in 2023 (see the Fieldwork dates field).
Fieldwork dates	Patchin & Hinduja (2024) — 2023 Data — 2023 Cyberbullying Data (research-center web page, archived as PDF)p. 1open file ↗ “Data were collected in May and June of 2023.”
Sample size	Patchin & Hinduja (2024) — 2023 Data — 2023 Cyberbullying Data (research-center web page, archived as PDF)p. 1open file ↗ “This study surveyed a nationally-representative sample of 5,005 middle and high school students between the ages of 13 and 17 in the United States.” Exact n=5,005 (the booklet rounds to 'approximately 5,000').
Age range	Patchin & Hinduja (2024) — 2023 Data — 2023 Cyberbullying Data (research-center web page, archived as PDF)p. 1open file ↗ “This study surveyed a nationally-representative sample of 5,005 middle and high school students between the ages of 13 and 17 in the United States.”
Sampling	Patchin & Hinduja (2024) — 2023 Data — 2023 Cyberbullying Data (research-center web page, archived as PDF)p. 3open file ↗ “we contracted with an online survey research firm to distribute our questionnaire to a nationally-representative sample of middle and high school students who were between the ages of 13 and 17.” Recruitment by an unnamed online survey research firm. The archived source does not describe probability recruitment; the index classifies the design as non-probability.

Harms measured

Bullying

Patchin & Hinduja — CRC Cyberbullying Scale — Cyberbullying Scale (CRC research instrument, web page archived as PDF)p. 2open file ↗

“In the last 30 days, I have been cyberbullied in these ways……” “harasses, mistreats, or makes fun of another person online or while using cell phones or other electronic devices.”“I have been cyberbullied”“Someone posted mean or hurtful comments about me online”“Someone posted a mean or hurtful picture online of me online”“Someone posted a mean or hurtful video online of me online”“Someone created a mean or hurtful web page about me”“Someone spread rumors about me online”“Someone threatened to hurt me through a cell phone text message”“Someone threatened to hurt me online”“Someone pretended to be me online and acted in a way that was mean or hurtful”Response options: never (0); once (1); a few times (2); many times (3)

The archived instrument page gives the general nine-item scale, not a verified copy of the 2023 questionnaire. The 2023 data page describes eighteen specific types of cyberbullying, so the exact wave-specific wording and response options cannot be fully checked from this scale. The data page confirms lifetime and past-30-day measurement.