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eSafety Keeping Kids Safe Online

Study details from the Studies index, with sources and citations for each field.

Geo
AU
Year
2025
N
2,629
Ages
10-15
Per-app coverage
Harms
Offline
NCII

Notes · Non-probability; The Digital Use & Risk report analyses the 10-15 platform-engagement subset (n=2,629) of the parent Keeping Kids Safe Online survey (n=3,454 aged 10-17).

References

  1. eSafety (2025) KKSO Methodology— Methodology report

    eSafety Commissioner (2025). Keeping Kids Safe Online: Methodology Report. May 2025 (updated April 2026).

    methodology
    Retrieved on:
    2026-05-21
    Pages:
    13
    Archived source:
    Download PDF
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    SHA-256: e109d5ff4de3a7014e223e01df1d84adffd4e33b4e1094b6473792a5af082725

  2. eSafety (2025) Digital Use & Risk— Digital Use & Risk report

    eSafety Commissioner (2025). Keeping Kids Safe Online: Digital use and risk — Online platform engagement among children aged 10 to 15. July 2025.

    report
    Retrieved on:
    2026-05-21
    Pages:
    23
    Archived source:
    Download PDF
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    File verification details

    SHA-256: f2a23be17b92fb8fe16b0752ea6e3beb42ec6a08ec80456e5d69e11112c40e93

Study details & methodology

Name
“Keeping kids”

Series title 'Keeping kids safe online'; the website groups the Digital Use & Risk report and the Cyberbullying and Harmful Content snapshots under this one entry.

Country
“A total of 3,454 children aged 10–17 years and their parent or caregiver living in Australia were included in the survey.”
Publication year
“July 2025”

Digital Use & Risk report published July 2025 (cover); the parent methodology report is dated May 2025. Fieldwork December 2024 – February 2025.

Fieldwork dates
“The research was conducted from December 2024 to February 2025 and comprised an online survey of children aged 10–17 and their parent/caregiver.”
Sample size
“2,629 children aged 10–15 years, was examined to explore their use of online platforms and”

Displayed sample is this report's 10-15 platform-engagement base, n=2,629. The parent Keeping Kids Safe Online survey is n=3,454 aged 10-17 (methodology report, p4). Harm-specific bases are narrower still (e.g. image-based abuse n=1,483).

Age range
“2,629 children aged 10–15 years, was examined to explore their use of online platforms and”

This Digital Use & Risk report focuses on the 10-15 subset; the parent survey covers 10-17.

Sampling
“Participants were recruited from non-probability-based online panel providers (Octopus Group & Pure Profile). Children were recruited via their parents/caregivers.”

Non-probability online panel. Quotas on gender, age, state/territory, SEIFA (Australia's socio-economic area index), location, Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander identity and linguistic diversity (ABS population estimates for 10-17s); weighted to correct for quota deviations and oversampling of First Nations participants.

Harms measured

Bullying
“Has anyone online ever done any of the following things to you on purpose because they really wanted to humiliate you or make you feel bad, or make others not like you?”

The cyberbullying battery covers 12 experiences (Table 5). The report also describes personally targeted online hate; it does not reproduce the complete administered questionnaire for that measure.

Eating Disorder
“Have you ever seen or heard any of the following things online?…” “Things that encourage unhealthy eating or exercise habits”

Item(s) in the content-exposure battery in Table 16. The app follow-up groups content harms together; it does not separately attribute each subtype to an app.

Self-Harm
“Have you ever seen or heard any of the following things online?…” “Things that suggest how a person can hurt or kill themselves on purpose”

Item(s) in the content-exposure battery in Table 16. The app follow-up groups content harms together; it does not separately attribute each subtype to an app.

Violence
“Have you ever seen or heard any of the following things online?…” “Fight videos”“Extreme real-life violence”“Violent sexual images or videos”

Item(s) in the content-exposure battery in Table 16. The app follow-up groups content harms together; it does not separately attribute each subtype to an app.

Non-Consensual Intimate Imagery (NCII)
“had someone threaten to share a nude image of them online”“had someone take or create a nude image of them without their permission”“had someone share a nude image of them online without their permission”“had someone create a fake nude image of them without their permission”

Image-based abuse was asked in the recontact survey of 10–15-year-olds, with 1,483 respondents after opt-outs. The measure includes threats to share images unless the child complies with a demand.

Underage Use
“Which, if any, social media platforms or apps have you ever used?”

App use is reported for the 1,332 children aged 10–12 within the wider 10–15 sample. The survey measures use rather than account ownership; permitted or supervised uses are not distinguished.

Contact
“Had an adult or someone at least 4 or 5 years older ask them to send them a nude image of themselves”“Had an adult or someone at least 4 or 5 years older send them a nude image of themselves”

Grooming-related questions involve an adult or someone at least four or five years older. Tracking and unwanted repeated contact are described on PDF p.9; sexual-harassment items are in Table 13 (PDF p.14). Respondents could skip sensitive question groups; some sexual-harassment items were restricted to ages 13–15.

Offline or broader-context measurement

Non-Consensual Intimate Imagery (NCII)
“It happened in real life/they were shared in real life”

Table 19 includes this real-life response category in a follow-up to reported image-based abuse (n=79). It does not measure overall offline NCII prevalence.

Platforms measured

Platform list
“Which platform or platforms did this happen to you on? You can choose more than one answer.”

The indexed app list covers 24 named apps with a non-zero Total-column rate in at least one of Tables 7, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 19 (PDF pp.9, 11, 13, 15, 17 and 18). Generic games, game chat, text messages, email and Other categories are excluded.

Per-app measurement by harm

Bullying
“Which platform or platforms did this happen to you on? You can choose more than one answer.”

Table 7 reports 11 named apps with a non-zero Total-column rate for the most recent or impactful cyberbullying experience among a follow-up subset (n=569).

Eating Disorder
“Which platform did you see it on?”

Table 18 reports nine named apps with a non-zero Total-column rate for the most recent or impactful content-harm experience (n=559). This follow-up groups content harms together rather than measuring each content subtype separately by app.

Self-Harm
“Which platform did you see it on?”

Table 18 reports nine named apps with a non-zero Total-column rate for the most recent or impactful content-harm experience (n=559). This follow-up groups content harms together rather than measuring each content subtype separately by app.

Violence
“Which platform did you see it on?”

Table 18 reports nine named apps with a non-zero Total-column rate for the most recent or impactful content-harm experience (n=559). This follow-up groups content harms together rather than measuring each content subtype separately by app.

Non-Consensual Intimate Imagery (NCII)
“Which platform or platforms did they threaten you on?”

Table 19 reports 18 named apps with a non-zero Total-column rate for the most recent or impactful image-based-abuse experience (n=79). The source also asks where images were shared.

Underage Use
“Which, if any, social media platforms or apps have you ever used?”

Tables 1–4 give lifetime and past-four-week platform use by age, including ages 10–12. Use is not the same as account ownership or a confirmed age-policy violation.

Contact
“Which platform or platforms did this happen to you on? You can choose more than one answer.”

Tables 9, 12 and 15 report 22 distinct named apps with a non-zero Total-column rate across tracking, monitoring or harassment (n=328), grooming-related experiences (n=215), and sexual harassment (n=250; PDF pp.11, 13 and 15).